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UN Human Development Index
The UN Human Development Index (HDI) measures poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy, and other factors. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. The index was developed in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, and has been used since 1993 by the United Nations Development Programme in its annual report.
The HDI measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development:
- A long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth.
- Knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weight) and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ratio (with one-third weight).
- A decent standard of living, as measured by GDP per capita (PPP USD).
Each year, countries are ranked according to these measures. Those high on the list often brag about it, as a means of attracting talented migrants (economically, individual capital) or discouraging potential emigrants from leaving.
HDI is an excellent tool for measuring development, since both economic and social indicators are covered.
Top ten countries in 2004
As of 2004, the top ten countries in the index are:
- Norway
- Sweden
- Australia
- Canada
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Iceland
- United States
- Japan
- Ireland
The African continent provides 19 of the bottom 20 countries. However, not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. Notable absences from the list include Iraq, Somalia, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Past top countries
The number one ranked country in each year of the index.
See also
External links
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You may copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
You must provide a link to http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html
To view or edit this article at Wikipedia go to http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Human_Development_Index
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